氧气的基础安全知识.doc

氧气的基础安全知识(1)
1　氧气的性质
氧是自然界中分布最广泛的元素之一，已是生物赖于生存的物质。它以游离状态存在于空气中，按容积计算，空气中含氧20.93ァ?氧还以化合状态存在于水、矿物以及一切动物、植物体中。氧在常温常压下是无色透明、无味、无臭的气体，比空气略重。在大气压力下，冷却至-182.96℃时，氧气凝结成天蓝色、透明的易流动的液体；当温度降到-218.4℃时，则凝聚成蓝色固体结晶。
氧的化学性质非常活泼，是强烈的氧化剂和助燃剂，它除了与金、银及惰性气体氦、氖、氩、氪、氙等在一般情况下不发生化合外，与其它物质都能化合生成氧化物。氧化反应的激烈程度取决于氧气的浓度及压力，如果氧化反应在纯氧中进行，则过程非常剧烈，同时放出大量的热。（如金属在氧气中反应，如果增加氧的纯度和压力会使氧化反应显著加剧，金属的燃点随着氧气压力增高而降低），氧与可燃气体（乙炔、氢、甲烷等）以一定比例混合时，遇火会发生爆炸。氧经压缩后，在输送的过程中，如有油脂、氧化铁屑或小粒燃烧物（煤粉、炭粒或有机纤维）存在，随着气流运动与管壁或机体发生磨擦、撞击，会产生大量磨擦热，导致管道、机器燃
Basic oxygen safety knowledge (1)
1 The nature of oxygen
Oxygen is a natural element in one of the most widely distributed, it is depends on the existence of biological material. It exists in free air, by volume, oxygen in air 20.93 ァ? To compounds of oxygen also exists in water, minerals and all animals, plants body. Oxygen at normal atmospheric pressure is a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, slightly heavier than air. At atmospheric pressure, cooled to -182.96 ℃, the oxygen condensation blue all day long, easy-flowing transparent liquid; when the temperature dropped to -218.4 ℃, then condensed into a blue crystalline solid.
Chemical properties of oxygen is very lively, is a strong oxidizer and oxidizer, its addition to gold, silver, and inert gases helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon does not occur under normal circumstances, foreign compounds, and other substances can combine to form oxide. The intensity of oxidation depends on oxygen concentration and pressure, if the oxidation reaction carried out in pure oxygen, then the process is very intense at the same time evolution of considerable heat. (Such as metal in the oxygen reaction, if the oxygen purity and pressure increase will significantly increase oxidation, light metals decreased with increasing oxygen pressure), oxygen and combustible gases (acetylene, hydrogen, methane, etc.) to a certain percentage of mixed time, fire will explode. The compressed oxygen, in the transportation process, if oil, iron oxide dust or pellets combustion products (coal, carbon particles or organic fibers) exist, with the air movement and the body wall or friction, impact, will have a lot of friction heat leading to pipeline, plant fuel