对基坑开挖与支护工程系统的几点认识.doc

对基坑开挖与支护工程系统的几点认识
贵州省冶金设计研究院沈志平
     
近年来，高层建筑的兴建和地下空间的利用刺激了基坑工程的发展。各地在基坑开挖和支护技术方面积累了丰富的经验，也有了不少的教训。基坑开挖与支护是一个系统工程，涉及工程地质、工程力学与工程结构、土力学与基础工程，还涉及工程施工与工程管理，是融多种学科知识于一体的综合性科学。
    根据本人这些年在基坑工程中的部分经验教训，谈谈在处理基坑开挖与支护的关系中容易出现并应引起重视的几个问题。
    （1）基坑开挖过程中必须按照有关规范采取支护措施
    基坑支护是基坑开挖安全施工的前提，是实现基坑工程最终经济价值的保证，它们具有各自的独立功能特性而又不能独立存在，是由若干具有独立功能的体系和部分组成的紧密联系的整体。例如，位于贵阳市花果园的某大厦，由于开发单位没有认识到边坡支护的重性，在没有考虑边坡支护的前提下，直接进行基坑开挖，致使基坑土石方大量垮塌，严重危害坡顶原有建筑物的安全使用。事故发生后，开发单位不仅在工期上造成大量损失，而且仅用在抢险上的资
And supporting the excavation Some knowledge engineering systems
Valid Way to Prevent Metallurgical Design and Research Institute of Guizhou Province
      
In recent years, high-rise building construction and use of underground space has stimulated the development of foundation engineering. Around the excavation and support technology has accumulated a wealth of experience, has also been a lot of lessons. Excavation and support is a systematic project, involving engineering geology, engineering mechanics and engineering structures, soil mechanics and foundation engineering, but also construction and project management, is the financial variety of subject knowledge in integrated science.
    According to my years in the Foundation's part of the lessons learned about dealing with excavation and support the relationship between prone and should pay attention to several issues.
    (1) during excavation must be taken in accordance with the relevant norms of support measures
    Excavation is a prerequisite for construction excavation safety is the ultimate realization of the economic value of excavation to ensure that they have their own independent features which can not exist independently, is a function of several independent components of the system and closely whole. For example, in Guiyang City, Hua Guoyuan of a building, because developers do not realize the gravity of slope protection, slope support, without considering the premise, direct excavation, causing a large number of collapsed earth excavation, seriously endanger the safety of existing buildings to use top of the hill. After the accident, the developer, not only in duration, causing substantial damage, but only on the information in the rescue