高速公路通行能力及其他的研究分析资料.rar

1  绪  论
1.1  道路通行能力研究的目的和意义
交通运输无论是过去、现在和将来，都是人类进步的重要物质基础。随着改革开放的深化，我国的国民经济实力不断增强，交通运输也得到空前迅猛发展。1990年，全国公路总里程突破100万公里，达到102万公里，1992年，我国年产汽车量突破100万辆，1999年底，高速公路总里程突破1万km。截止2000年底，全国公路总里程为140万公里，其中，高速公路1.6万公里，仅次于美国、加拿大，居世界第三位。根据交通部“十五”计划和2020年长远规划，在最近的十多年间，我国的公路里程还将大幅度增加，到2010年和2020年，全国公路通车里程将分别达到180万公里和230万公里，其中，高速公路分别达到3.5万公里和5.5万公里，二级以上公路比重达到20%和25%。高速公路建设投资巨大，每公里造价高达2000~5000万元，建造一座普通立体交叉口需投资200~1000万元左右。而道路基础设施建设的主要决策依据为预测交通量及道路设施的通行能力。由于我国目前还没有科学的通行能力分析方法与标准体系，道路设施通行能力的分析不够准确，导致公路建设标准过高或平行建设，以致建设资金超前投入而造成巨额经济损失。此外，由于对某些已有道路或交叉口的通行能力估计过高，使得在交通严重阻塞时仍得不到改建，或在建成后不久就产生严重交通阻塞而影响公路运输效率，造成巨大经济损失。因此，合理确定公路建设的规模和标准，将是公路建设中成本控制的关键，而确定公路建设规模与标准和设计总体方案的重要依据之一便是道路通行能力。
作为道路交通建设的一项基础性工作，通行能力分析与交通量适应性分析，不仅可以确定公路建设的合理规模及合理建设模式，还可为公路网规划、公路工程可行性研究、公路设计、公路建设后评估等方面提供更为科学的理论依据（图1.1-1）。
A thread of
1.1 The road capacity of the purpose and significance
Transport, whether past, present and future are all important material foundation for human progress. With the deepening of reform and opening up, China's growing economic power, transportation has also been an unprecedented rapid development. In 1990, one million km mileage breakthrough, reaching 1.02 million km in 1992, China's annual production volume of break 1 million cars, by the end of 1999, high mileage break through 10,000 km. The end of 2000, the national mileage for the 1.4 million km, of which 16,000 km highways, after the United States, Canada, ranking third in the world. According to the Ministry of Communications, "15" Plan and 2020 long-term planning, in the last ten years, China's highway mileage will be increased substantially in 2010 and 2020, the National Highway traffic mileage will reach 1.8 million km and 230 million km, of which 35,000 km highway, respectively, and 55,000 km, two road over the proportion of 20% and 25%. Huge investment in highway construction, construction cost per km up to 2000 to 50 million yuan, the construction of a common interchange I need to invest 200 to 1000 million. The road infrastructure is the main decision-making based on forecast traffic and road facilities capacity. Since there is yet no scientific capacity analysis method and standard system, road infrastructure capacity analysis is not accurate enough, leading to high standards of road construction or parallel construction, Yi Zhi construction funds ahead of Touru and causing huge economic losses. In addition, some existing roads or intersection capacity overestimated, making the serious traffic congestion was still not converted, or soon after the completion of serious traffic congestion and affect the efficiency of road transport, causing enormous economic loss. Therefore, rationally determine the scale of highway construction and standards, will be road construction Cost Control key, and determine the standards and highway construction Guimo and designing the master plan of one of the important Yi Ju Bian Shi highway capacity.
As a basis for road construction work, traffic capacity analysis and adaptive analysis, not only determine the scale of highway construction and reasonable construction of the rational model, but also for the highway network planning, road engineering feasibility studies, road design, After the evaluation of highway construction to provide a more scientific basis (Figure 1.1-1).