山区高速公路环境影响评价及对策.rar

山区高速公路环境影响评价及对策
黄  波
（厦门中平工程监理咨询有限公司 福建 厦门 361009）

摘要：根据山区环境和地形特征，阐述山区高速公路的工程特点和环境影响的主要问题，分析建设期和营运期的环境影响因素，提出相应的环境保护对策及管理措施。

关键词：高速公路；生态环境；水土保持；评价

1  前言
高速公路是国家交通运输的大动脉，是国民经济发展的重要基础设施。建设高速公路对开发沿线自然资源、旅游资源，发展地方经济，促进地区交流，改善投资环境，加强国防建设等方面都具有重要意义。“十•五”计划期间，我国将建设“五纵七横”由12条国道主干线组成的高速公路网，总里程36032公里，贯通北京至直辖市及各省的省会，连接所有100万人口的特大城市和93%的人口在50万以上的大城市。2000年初，国家提出了西部大开发战略和加快中西部地区发展的重要决策，公路建设也将向西部倾斜。今后几年，交通部将把高速公路的投资重点向西部转移。
福建省从1994年开始高速公路的建设，提出“一纵两横”的高速公路建设计划，与国家高速公路网接轨。福建省地形、地质条件复杂，山峦起伏，沟壑纵横，同多数西部省份一样，属典型的山岭重丘区域。与平原地区相比，在这样的山岭重丘区域建高速公路，除工程难度大外，环境影响的主要特征也不同。漳（州）龙（岩）高速公路龙岩段是典型的山岭区高速公路，文章通过分析该工程的主要特征及环境影响因素，提出山区建设高速公路的环评重点及主要环保措施。
2  高速公路工程特征
高速公路是具有四个以上车道、设有中央分隔带、全部立体交叉并全部控制出入口、专供汽车高速行驶的公路。通常根据不同的地形、地貌特征确定行车时速，划分不同等级的高速公路。在不同的地形区域修建高速
Mountain Highway Environmental Impact Assessment and Countermeasures
Huang Bo
(Xiamen Zhongping Project Management Consulting Co., Ltd. Xiamen, Fujian 361009)

Abstract: According to the topographic features of mountain environments and to explain the engineering characteristics of mountain highway and environmental impacts of the main problems of the construction period and operation period of the environmental factors affecting the corresponding environmental protection measures and management measures.

Keywords: Highway; ecological environment; soil and water conservation; evaluation

1 Introduction
Highway is a state transportation artery, is an important economic development infrastructure. Construction along the highway on the development of natural resources, tourism resources, development of local economies, promote regional exchanges, improve the investment environment, strengthen national defense construction, is of great significance. "10 • Five-Year" Plan period, China will build "five vertical and seven horizontal" by the 12 national trunk highway network consisting of a total mileage of 36,032 km, linking Beijing to the provinces and municipalities and the provincial capital, to connect all 100 million people in the large urban and 93% of the population of 50 million or more in big cities. In early 2000, the state put forward the western development strategy and accelerate the development of central and western regions of important decisions, road construction is on the west slope. The next few years, Highway Traffic will shift investment focus to the west.
Fujian Province since 1994, the expressway construction, proposed the "one vertical and two horizontal" in the highway construction program, integration with the national expressway network. Fujian Province, the topography, complex geological conditions, hills, ravines aspect, as with most western provinces, is a typical mountainous area. Compared with the plain area, in such highway construction in mountainous regions, in addition to engineering difficult, the environmental impact of the main features are also different. Zhang (State) Long (Rock) is a typical section of highway in Longyan mountains area highways, the article analyzes the main features of the project and environmental impact, and suggests Shanqujianshe Gaosugonglu EIA points and major environmental protection measures.
2 Highway Project Features
Highway is a four or more lanes, with a central median, grade separation and full control of all entrances and exits, specifically for high-speed highway car. Usually depending on the terrain, geomorphological features to determine traffic speed, divided highways with different levels. In different regions to build high-speed terrain