模板坍塌事故应急预案的编制.doc

模板坍塌事故应急预案的编制

 提要：本文从一起模板坍塌事故分析入手，阐述了扣件式钢管模板支撑体系坍塌事故发生的原因，以及预防措施，同时对模板坍塌事故应急预案的编制作了简要的分析（本报有删节）。
    模板坍塌事故是建筑施工中极易引发群体伤亡的危险源之一。2000年某月，上海市某正在浇筑混凝土的锅炉房工程屋面平台突然发生坍塌事故，造成11人死亡、2人重伤、1人轻伤，直接经济损失达257.5万元。事故的技术原因主要是：屋面设计标高较大，支撑竖向高度较大，水平间距明显过大，没有设置连续的竖向和水平剪刀撑，导致支撑系统整体性极差，即没有形成可靠的空间受力结构。在未计入施工中泵送砼直接对模板支撑的冲击力时，支撑立杆受力大大超过设计强度值和屈服强度值。
    在我国，扣件式钢管模板支撑架是建筑施工中常用的支模方式，但缺少相对应的设计计算标准，使现有的设计计算存在着不确定、不安全的因素，为预防模板坍塌事故的发生，有必要建立相应的应急预案。
    应急预案的基本要求是要有针对性和实用性：即确定最不利状态，进行科学的计算和分析；绘制预案实施网络图；应随施工情况的变化而及时修订。
    由于模板支撑架坍塌发生后，施工人员常发生因异物吸入造成呼吸功能衰竭而死亡。本文案例11
Collapse accident emergency response plan

 Abstract: This article from the start with the collapse accident analysis, described fastening steel pipe support system collapse cause of the accident, as well as preventive measures, while collapse accident emergency response plan of a brief analysis of (this newspaper has abridged) .
    Collapse accident is apt to give rise building construction in the source of the risk of injury groups. 2000 a month, Shanghai is pouring concrete in a boiler room roof platform works suddenly collapse, leaving 11 people dead, 2 seriously injured, one person slightly injured, the direct economic losses of 2.575 million yuan. Accident technical reasons mainly: large elevation roof design, support a greater vertical height, horizontal distance clearly too large, do not set the continuous vertical and horizontal scissors, resulting in overall poor support system, which does not form a reliable space force structure. Not included in the construction of pumping concrete supported direct impact on the template, the support pole force greatly exceeded the design strength value and the yield strength values.
    In China, the fastening steel pipe support frame is commonly used in construction formwork way, but the lack of corresponding design and calculation criteria, so that there is an existing design and calculation of uncertainty, insecurity, for the prevention of collapse accident occurrence, it is necessary to establish the appropriate contingency plans.
    The basic requirements for emergency plans to have specific and practical: to determine the most unfavorable conditions for scientific calculation and analysis; draw plans for implementation of the network graph; should change with the construction of a timely amendment.
    As the template support frame after the collapse, construction workers caused by foreign body aspiration often occurs due to respiratory failure and death. This case 11