地基与基础工程施工工艺汇集.doc

地基与基础工程
第一节    灰土工程
灰土工程是将基础底面下要求范围内的软弱土层挖去，用一定比例的石灰与土，在最优含水量情况下，充分拌合，分层回填夯实或压实而成。灰土具有一定的强度、水稳定性和抗渗性，施工工艺简单，取材容易，费用较低，是一种应用广泛、经济、实用的地基加固方法。本工艺标准适用于基坑(槽)、管沟、室内地坪、室外散水等基础、垫层或防渗层的灰土工程。
一、材料要求
1．土料
采用就地挖出的粘性土及塑性指数大于4的粉土，不得含有有机杂质或使用耕植土；土料应过筛，其颗粒不应大于15mm。
2．石灰
应用Ⅲ级以上新鲜的块灰，使用前1～2d消解并过筛．其颗粒不得大于5mm，不得夹有未熟化的生石灰块粒及其他杂质，也不得含有过多的水分。
二、主要机具设备
1．机械设备
蛙式打夯机、压路机；运辖设备有：翻斗汽车、1．5t机动翻斗车。
2．主要工具 
铁锹、铁耙、量斗、水桶、胶管、喷壶、铁筛(孔径为5mm、15mm)以及手推胶轮车等。
三、作业条件  
1．铺灰前，应先行钎探．并按设计要求处理完地基，办完验槽隐蔽检查手续。基础外侧打灰土，应对基础或地下防水层、保护层进行检查，并办完隐蔽检查验收手续。
2．基础砌筑砂浆和现浇混凝土应达到规定的强度。
Foundation Engineering
Section lime works
Lime project is required under the bottom foundation of soft soil layer within the dredged, with a certain proportion of lime and soil water content in the best case, the full mixing, compaction or compacted backfill layer formed. Lime has a certain strength, stability and impermeability of water, the construction process is simple, drawing is easy and low cost, is a widely used, economical and practical method of foundation reinforcement. This technology is applicable to pit (tank), trench, indoor floors, outdoor bulk water and other infrastructure, or impervious layer of dust cushion construction.
1, material requirements
1. Earth material
Use of locally dug clay and plastic index greater than 4, silt, shall not contain organic impurities or cropping soil; soil material to be sifted, the particles should not exceed 15mm.
2. Lime
Application Ⅲ fresh block gray level and above, using the former 1 ~ 2d digestion and sieving. The particles no larger than 5mm, no there are the immature grains of the caustic lime and other impurities, and shall not contain excessive moisture.
Second, the main machinery equipment
1. Machinery and equipment
Frog tampers, rollers; shipped jurisdiction equipment: dump cars, 1.5t motor dumpers.
2. Main tool
Spade, iron rake, volume bucket, bucket, hose, watering can, iron sieve (aperture of 5mm, 15mm) and push rubber tire vehicles.
Third, the operating conditions
1. Shop ash, should first drill exploration. Processed in accordance with design requirements of the foundation, after finishing tank inspection cover clearance. The basis of lateral play dust, should base or underground waterproof layer, protective layer inspection, and after finishing cover inspection and acceptance procedures.
2. Based mortar and place concrete should achieve the required strength.