17土方开挖和回填工程.doc

一、 施工准备
（一） 作业条件
1、 土方开挖
（1） 制定开挖方案，确定合理的开挖方式、施工顺序和边坡防护措施，选择适当的施工机械。
（2） 将施工区城内的地上、地下障碍物清除和处理完毕。
（3） 做好建筑物的标准轴线桩、标准水平桩，用白灰洒出开挖线，必须经过检验台格，办理完验线手续。
（4） 若设计基础底面低于地下水位，要提前采取降水措施，把地下水位降至低于开挖底面0.5m以下。然后再开挖。
（5） 夜间施工时，应合理安排工序，防止错挖或超挖。施工场地应根据需要安装照明设施，在危险地段应设置明显标志。
（6） 熟悉图纸。
2、 土方回填
（1） 回填前，对基础、箱型基础墙或地下防水层、保护层等进行检查验收并办理隐检手续。
（2） 将基坑内的杂物、积水等清理干净。
房心、管沟的回填应在上下
First, construction preparation
(A) Operating conditions
1, earth excavation
(1) to develop excavation program, determine a reasonable way of excavation, construction sequence and slope protection measures, select the appropriate construction machinery.
(2) the construction of the city's land area, underground obstructions removed and disposed of.
(3) axis of good standards of building piles, standard level pile, sprinkled with white dust from excavation line, grid station to be tested, go through complete line inspection procedures.
(4) If the design basis of the bottom below the water table, rainfall measures taken in advance to the groundwater level falls below 0.5m the following excavation bottom. Before excavation.
(5) the night time when the process should be reasonable arrangements to prevent the wrong dig or over excavation. Construction site lighting shall be installed in hazardous location should be set clearly marked.
(6) familiar with the drawings.
2, earth backfill
(1) before backfilling, basic, box-type foundation wall or underground waterproof layer, protective layer such as check acceptance and processing inspection procedures implicit.
(2) pit the debris, clean water and so on.
Housing heart, trench backfill should be up and down